在集中产生有害物的局部地点,设置捕集装置,将有害物排走,以控制有害物向室内扩散,这种通风方法称为局部排风。这是防毒,排尘有效的通风方法.
In the local places where harmful substances are produced in a concentrated way, the trapping device is set to discharge the harmful substances, so as to control the diffusion of harmful substances indoors. This ventilation method is called local ventilation. This is an effective ventilation method for poison prevention and dust removal
局部排风系统由以下几部分组成:
The local exhaust system consists of the following parts:
(1)局部排风罩
(1) Local exhaust hood
局部排风罩是用来捕集有害物的。它的性能对局部排风系统的技术经济指标有直接影响。性能良好的局部排风罩,如密闭罩,只要较小的风量就可以获得良好的工作效果。由于生产设备和操作的不同,排风罩的形式是多种多样的。
The local exhaust hood is used to catch harmful substances. Its performance has a direct impact on the technical and economic indicators of the local exhaust system. Local exhaust hood with good performance, such as airtight hood, can achieve good working effect as long as the air volume is small. Due to different production equipment and operation, the exhaust hood has various forms.
(2)风管
(2) Air duct
通风系统中输送气体的管道称为风管,它把系统中的各种设备或部件连成了一个整体。为了提高系统的经济性,应合理选定风管中的气体流速,管路应力求短、直。风管通常用表面光滑的材料制作,如:薄钢板、聚氯乙烯板,有时也用混凝土、砖等材料。
The pipes conveying gas in the ventilation system are called air ducts, which connect various equipment or components in the system into a whole. In order to improve the economy of the system, the gas flow rate in the air duct shall be reasonably selected, and the pipeline shall be as short and straight as possible. The air duct is usually made of materials with smooth surface, such as steel sheet, PVC sheet, and sometimes concrete, bricks and other materials.
(3)除尘、净化设备
(3) Dedusting and purification equipment
为了防止大气污染,当排出空气中有害物量超过排放标准时,必须用净化设备处理,达到排放标准后,排人大气。净化设备分除尘器和有害气体净化装置两类
In order to prevent air pollution, when the amount of harmful substances in the discharged air exceeds the emission standard, it must be treated with purification equipment, and discharged into the atmosphere after reaching the emission standard. Purification equipment includes dust remover and harmful gas purification device.
(4)风机
(4) Fan
风机向机械排风系统捉供空气流动的动力。为了防止风机的磨损和腐蚀,通常把它放在净化设备的后面。
The fan provides power for air flow to the mechanical exhaust system. In order to prevent abrasion and corrosion of the fan, it is usually placed behind the purification equipment.
如果只对局部地点进行排风或送风,即局部通风;如果对整个车间进行排风或送风,则为通风。通常,按通风系统的作用范围不同,可将通风分为局部通风、通风和事故通风。局部通风系统又分为局部进风和局部排风两大类,它们都是利用局部气流,使局部工作地点不受有害物的污染,造成良好的空气环境。
If only exhaust or supply air to local places, that is, local ventilation; If the whole workshop is ventilated or supplied, it is fully ventilated. Generally, ventilation can be divided into local ventilation, general ventilation and emergency ventilation according to the different scope of action of the ventilation system. The local ventilation system can be divided into two categories: local air inlet and local air exhaust. Both of them make use of local airflow to protect local workplaces from harmful substances and create a good air environment.
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